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    • 专利摘要:
    A method for aids navigation of an aircraft characterized in that it comprises the following steps: - assembly by data families by the processing unit, predetermined data and acquired data, including meteorological data, families being predefined, each data being further associated with a valid time slot, (step A), formatting the data of the families to associate with each datum a type of graphic representation in the form of text or scalar or vector or surface or volume, (step B), - selection of data families to be represented, (step C), - choice of a display time slot for each data family to be represented, (step C), - space discretization. temporal trajectory, (step D), - spatio-temporal correlation of the discretized trajectory with each family of data according to time slots of validity, in the time slot of displaying said family, to extract a subset of each family of data, by the processing unit, (step E), - displaying the subsets in a single representation on the same display screen, (step F ).
    公开号:FR3021107A1
    申请号:FR1401105
    申请日:2014-05-16
    公开日:2015-11-20
    发明作者:Francois Coulmeau；Sonia Vautier；Frederic Bonamy
    申请人:Thales SA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The field of the invention is that of the aid to the navigation of an aircraft and more specifically of the aid to navigation of an aircraft. dynamic information correlation with a 4D flight path.
    [0002] Aeronautical information is commonly provided to the crew. This concerns of course the weather information, but also the other dynamic information that may be encountered during the flight: state of the airspace crossed (opening or closing hours), MTO acronym for the English expression Weather: temporal projection of the minimum heights and distances vis-à-vis visibility in the approach phase (such as support airports that must be adapted to the ETOPS criteria (Extended range Twin engine Operation Performance Standards, procedure to navigate in engine failure, with a given maximum temporal distance from supporting airports, this distance being strongly linked to the strength of the winds encountered) at the predicted time of potential landing), representation of time windows related to the slots for landing or take-off, opening hours of the airports (the flight Tokyo - CDG of Air France for example flies very slowly to respect the closing schedule of Tokyo and the Roissy opening hours), NOTAMs (acronym for "Notification to AirMen") specifying specific activities on an area at a given moment (for example maintenance of 'a radio-navigation beacon on a given area for a given period of time), satellite constellation status used to calculate the position in a given area, opening / closing times of countries crossed, starting point of night / end of night, traffic oceanic weather, wind and temperature forecasts by hours, and altitudes, forecasts of other meteorological phenomena (clouds, icing zones, wetlands, storms, turbulence), in the case of tactical missions, temporal evolution of the dangers (missile batteries, activation of detection systems, evolution of the cloud cover for systems requiring the vision, d start / end of the night, appointment hours with other aircraft for refueling, flights on patrol ...), window of Join other planes, opening window of borders, target time window, Ces aeronautical information is provided to the crew in paper form (manual, reading tablets ("logs"), maps, flight records), or in electronic form by display on cockpit screens. This dynamic information is more difficult to manage than static information, since it is necessary to extrapolate and correlate disparate information. Similarly, some of this information depends on the aircraft's expected altitude along the flight, and again requires correlation. For example, maps of temperature or wind, or clouds are provided by increments of altitude; it is necessary to guess the predicted altitude of the aircraft in a place of its flight plan, to be able to find the good map to represent. In the current operations, the crew filters the non-applicable information and manages the applicable information, by hand. For example, it correlates lateral and vertical flight plan information with weather charts, calculating when the aircraft will likely enter a weather zone. This work is complex because you have to cross several weather maps, and mentally visualize the predicted 3D position of the aircraft on these maps as well as the temporal aspect.
    [0003] In addition dynamic information like the weather are subject to frequent updates: it is necessary each time mentally re-determine what will be the weather predicted at a given future time. Similarly, the flight plan may be subject to change, again requiring re-calculations. Some initiatives are beginning to emerge to manage these problems, either in CDS (English acronym for "Cockpit Display System"), FMS (acronym for the English expression "Flight Management System") or EFBs. (English acronym for "Electronic Flight Bag"): US2012 / 0232785 "Methods and Systems for Dynamical Providing Contextual Weather Information" discloses a method allowing via a ruler to virtually move the airplane model along the plane of flight, ie to unroll the movie of the flight in advance. The system determines the corresponding time; it is displayed on the screens according to the process. The rest of the dynamic aeronautical information displayed on the map corresponds to the information valid at the time in question. This makes it possible to have a coherently displayed information, but only in the vicinity of the virtually displaced model as illustrated in FIG. 1. It can be seen in the figure that the information presented is only accurate in the vicinity of the airplane model that is on the WPT5. since the static map shown is that corresponding to the time closest to the predicted time of the airplane model. For example, the zone Z1 which is in fact traversable before 23h and after 06h is declared as traversable, while it will not be any more at the moment when the plane will arrive there. Similarly we can not see in the figure, that a strong crosswind, turbulent, will occur at the WPT7 point. This method does not allow: to have at a glance information about the flight, in its entirety, to apprehend the evolution of a dynamic aeronautical information at a given moment; if information changes and impacts the flight, the crew must guess at what time it will happen, and manually move the aircraft model to try to "find" the moment in question. 3 0 2 1 1 0 7 4 US8332084 "Four-dimensional weather forecasting based on aircraft trajectory" presents a spatio-temporal weather information fusion method, used to predict the weather around a trajectory 3D + time, the time being predetermined. The system determines the weather surrounding a given 4D (3D + time) trajectory. Then it allows either to refine this trajectory (taking into account the good wind in each point, at the predicted time), or to find a more optimized trajectory, in the neighborhood of the initial trajectory, by using the wind predicted in a volume 10 around the initial trajectory. This method does not make it possible to effectively present an evolutionary situation around the 4D trajectory since it does not display anything; indeed the display on the current 2D screens of a "volume" weather is not possible. It's just a method of calculating FMS predictions. In addition, it only takes into account the weather (wind, temperature, humidity, pressure). US2011 / 0102192 "Displaying weather forecast for own air vehicle" provides a method of displaying the predicted weather on a screen on board the aircraft. The system makes it possible to select a time period via an input HMI (or a time). The display screen then displays the predicted position of the aircraft at the time in question and the weather situation corresponding to the time interval in which this time is. This does not allow to see the evolution of a dynamic aeronautical information at a given moment; if information changes and impacts the course of the flight, it is necessary for the crew to guess what time it will occur, manually enter the time in question to see both the predicted aircraft model and the weather around this aircraft model . There is no consistent display all along the flight, on one screen. The document US2011 / 098871 "Method and apparatus for aloft display as aircraft altitude changes" describes a method of displaying wind charts as a function of altitude, by selecting a rotator on the airplane altitude. This allows the crew to choose altitudes on a display screen; the winds corresponding to the chosen level are then displayed. The time parameter is not integrated in this process. From 5 3021107 more the display is around the current aircraft and does not take into account the flight plan. The Applicant's document US2009 / 09204277 "Method of 5 estimating atmospheric data at any point of a path of an aircraft") presents a method for calculating the most probable weather model (wind, pressure, temperature, humidity) at a point given trajectory, using a grid of winds and models of atmosphere. This makes it possible to compare discrete wind data with atmospheric models, section by section along the flight plan, to determine the most probable wind at any point. But this does not solve the problem of effectively presenting an evolutionary situation around the 4D trajectory since it calculates the wind at a given point in the trajectory, and does not display it elsewhere. It's just a method of calculating FMS predictions. The Applicant's document US2007 / 179703, "Processes of a general meteorological forecast", discloses an unfavorable predicted wind warning method along a flight plan. The wind is calculated in 4D (on a 3D trajectory including the time parameter, that is to say, the evolution of the wind) making it possible to determine the weather (wind, pressure, temperature) predicted at any point of a plane. flight. This makes it possible to determine the segments of the flight plan where an unfavorable wind will exist, and to propose a diversion at these points. But as before, this does not solve the problem of effectively presenting an evolutionary situation around the 4D trajectory since it predicts the wind at a given 3D point of the trajectory and does not display it elsewhere. It's just a method of calculating FMS or soil predictions. There is no representation of other types of information, with a temporal evolution range correlated with the predictions along the trajectory. Extrapolations of data relevant to the flight and their correlation with the predicted trajectory are performed manually. The methods described in the documents cited above make it possible to carry out a correlation manually and punctually: the crew chooses a geographical zone on its flight plan, and the weather information predicted at this location at this time is displayed. But this does not give an overall view of the trajectory, and forces the crew to fumble to guess a potential problem at one point.
    [0004] The object of the invention is to overcome these disadvantages. The invention relates to a spatio-temporal information correlation method with a 3D + time trajectory, incorporating automatic and manual filtering mechanisms of the information level and the desired time range around the trajectory, and including an improved representation of the evolution of geographic information. More precisely, the subject of the invention is a method of assisting the navigation of an aircraft equipped with 15-sensors, a space-time trajectory calculator, predetermined data storage means and data acquired in navigation course including meteorological data, means for displaying the spatio-temporal trajectory and data including meteorological data on the same display screen, a unit for processing the captured data, predetermined and acquired. and the trajectory. It is mainly characterized in that it comprises the following steps: - assembly by families of data by the processing unit, predetermined data and acquired data, the families being predefined, each data being further associated with a slot; temporal validity, 30 -format data family to associate each data type of graphical representation as text or scalar or vector or surface or volume, - selection of families of data to represent, - choice of a display time slot for each family of data to be represented, - spatio-temporal discretization of the trajectory, - spatio-temporal correlation of the discretized trajectory with each family of data as a function of time slots of validity, in the niche time of display of said family, to extract a subset of each family of data, by the processing unit ent, - display subsets in a single representation on the same display screen.
    [0005] This method allows: to have at a glance information about the flight, in its entirety, to understand the evolution of a dynamic aeronautical information at a given moment; if information changes and impacts the progress of the flight, the crew knows what time it will happen, without having to manually move the aircraft model to try to "find" the moment in question. It makes it possible to determine spatio-temporal data consistent with the displayed 3D trajectory, taking into account the temporal axis over time horizons allowing the crew to apprehend on a single representation the evolution of the predicted situation, without to overload the displays, to keep a readability and an optimal understanding of the situation.
    [0006] Other advantages: The solution makes it possible to adjust the horizons around the predicted trajectory for a decision-making purpose (diversion, anticipated application of procedures ...). The solution makes it possible to manually filter the degree of evolution to be displayed in order to give either the predicted situation only, or its evolution over a time period close to and around the predicted transit times along the trajectory, or an evolution over the temporal range of the trajectory. full flight. The solution helps decision making by applying to alternative work paths ("What if" frame): Presentation of temporally correlated information for ETOPS trajectories or trajectories, Presentation of temporally correlated information for the flight plan release, Presentation of temporally correlated information for optional lateral routes, Presentation of temporally correlated information for subsequent flight plans, Presentation of temporally correlated information for "engine failure" workflows, Presentation of temporally correlated information for plans flying at different levels.
    [0007] The choice of families to be represented may be predetermined or determined by the crew or automatically. Priorities can be chosen for families and / or sub-families. According to one characteristic of the invention, a degree of reliability being associated with data, the formatting step is furthermore achieved by degree of reliability. The data families are typically: a meteorological data family and / or a family of geographic data and / or a family of navigation data and / or a family of data provided by the crew. Subfamilies can be associated with data; the assembly step is then further carried out by sub-families. The subject of the invention is also a navigation aid system for an aircraft which comprises: sensors, a space-time trajectory calculator, predetermined data storage means and data acquired in progress. navigation system including meteorological data, means for displaying the spatio-temporal trajectory and data including meteorological data on the same display screen, a unit for processing the captured, predetermined and acquired data and the trajectory means for implementing the method as described. Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the detailed description which follows, given by way of nonlimiting example and with reference to the appended drawings in which: FIG. 1 already described schematically illustrates a visualization method of a flight plan with a superposition of a static wind map according to the state of the art, FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an exemplary method according to the invention, FIG. 3 shows examples of HMI (man-machine interface) for entering parameters by the crew: entry of proprietary information (FIG. 3a), entry of choices of families to be represented (FIG. 3b), entry of priority (FIG. 3c), FIGS. 4 show examples of subfamily input HMI to display respectively with their priority and the display mode for the METEO family (fig 4a), for the CLOUDS family (fig 4b), for the NAVAIDS & GNSS family (fig 4c), for the family A REAS (Fig. 4d), 25 for the CUSTOMS family (Fig. 4e), Fig. 5a shows an example of geometric approximation of a surface by triangular facets, and Fig. 5b an example of correlation of these facets with the trajectory in a point TRAJ (i), FIGS. 6a and 6b illustrate the information filtering problem (cloudy flow) to be correlated with the trajectory, with insufficient filtering (FIG. 6a), and adapted (FIG. 6b), FIGS. show examples of correlation of filtered information of various families with the trajectory, according to the invention, with a lateral representation with a "along" display mode (FIG. 7a), a vertical representation (FIG. 7b), a representation lateral with an "aloft" display mode (fig 7c); FIG. 7d shows an example of a synthetic representation of the winds on all the altitude ranges correlated with the vertical flight plan, that is to say with the hours of passage over the altitude slice, FIG. 8 shows an example. of FMS (FIG. 8a) and various examples of implementation of the method according to the invention: included in the FMS or in an EFB (FIG. 8b), included in a multi-system module connected to an FMS (FIG. a CDS connected to an FMS.
    [0008] From one figure to another, the same elements are identified by the same references. The various steps of the method according to the invention are described in relation to the flowchart of FIG.
    [0009] Step A: data extraction - insertion into a database BDD1 by data families and possibly data sub-families. This first step consists in acquiring the interesting data to represent, through the different sensors and systems available. The lists provided below are not exhaustive, but allow to understand the operation of the process. These data will form a database BDD1 in which they are assembled in families.
    [0010] During this step the weather data is extracted in the following way: Wind and temperatures by digital data link ("uplinks"): the wind data can currently be transmitted in the form of digital messages (according to the ARINC702A standard, for the AOC part for "Airline Operational Communication") containing: o The geographical coordinates of the wind vector (latitude / longitude / altitude); o The wind vector at this point: longitudinal velocity and vertical wind speed, direction; o The time and duration of the validity of the forecast, for example using the method described in the THALES patent (US2007 / 179703 "Process of a local and favorable flow flow conforming to a general meteorological forecast"); o The geographical coordinates of the scalar "temperature" (latitude / longitude / altitude); o The temperature at this point; o The pressure and humidity at this point in the same way (coordinates + temporal evolution), for example using the method described in the patent cited above. Weather by Embedded Maps: Wind data can currently be loaded into a database using the same structural model as previously indicated.
    [0011] Weather resulting from on-board detection systems such as weather radar ("Weather Radar"): o Current weather radar has wind speed measurement capabilities in the cone viewed by the radar. These data are accurate but valid only in the vicinity (a few tens of NM) of the aircraft. A wind vector can therefore be determined, its validity date being the current time, and its geographical coordinates being those of the radar echoes. o These weather radars also measure nebulosities, and therefore include humidity and temperature data. Weather volumes: clouds, jetstreams, turbulence, icing zones. This information exists in the form of a card valid at a given date which is superimposed on the trajectory, as proposed in the document US2011 / 0102192, § [0030]. By coupling these data with an image processing performed on the ground, these surfaces are transformed into exploitable digital objects such as polygons if they are surfaces and polyhedra if they are volumes. Weather captured by the crew through its Human Machine Interface (HMI). 12 3021107 The following geographic data is extracted in the same way by digital data link ("uplinks") and by using embedded maps: 5 Interstate boundaries, Airspace, Regional Airspace (FIR), Timetable Zones, ocean routes at scheduled times. The navigation data is extracted in the same way by digital data link ("uplinks") and by using embedded Notams: state of the satellite constellations, state of the radionavigation beacons; in maintenance, down, 15 in degraded operation ..... This step also makes it possible to manually define the data to be represented, or to replace data that have not been digitized and are not extractable from other systems or 20 available by data link, or to insert "proprietary" data that are not part of the list of data expressed above. In order to be exploitable by the following steps, and as illustrated in FIG. 3a, the proprietary data are characterized by: A name among which can be cited "Contact the airline" ("AOC contact") as shown in the example of FIG. 3a, or "cabin data" such as sleep phases, meal distribution, etc.), or ... a date of beginning and end of validity 30 A priority that will be used in the subsequent filtering step, type of graphical representation possibly in text form, such as: time event, geographical point (given by latitude / longitude, altitude), vector (given by a geographical point, intensity and direction), area (set of 13 3021107 points geographical defining a surface) or volume (set of surfaces). Non-proprietary data is also characterized in the same way. All of these data are integrated into a database BDD1 in which they are assembled in families, examples of which are given in step C. In addition, for data of the same type, for example the wind data, weather radar, on-board maps and digital data link updates, these data are associated with a "tag" (eg WINDS) and a degree of reliability in time or distance, to allow the steps next to work on this set of data consistent with each other, and to separate data of different types. Step B: Formatting the data. During this step the data is formatted according to their type: events, scalars, vectors, surfaces and volumes, all associated with a time slot of validity. For a punctual event the time slot is reduced to an occurrence date. The following operations are performed: Scheduling data of the same family. Data in the same family is recovered in BDD1. Advantageously, data is deleted for the benefit of others when conflicts are detected at the reliability level. Typically, for data coming from both an external system, a digital data link ("uplink") and an on-board card at the beginning of the flight, a sorting is performed: 30 o Data from measurements Onboard systems are considered to be the most reliable on the spatio-temporal horizon of the system making the measurement. For a weather radar for example, the data corresponding to the swept geographical area are the most reliable in a short term horizon (eg 15 min); o Then the data received by digital data link (uplink) are used in place of the data coming from pre-flight boards, when there is a conflict ie the same data is defined at the same place (with a tolerance of ) with a time slot of common validity. Calculation of the spatio-temporal evolution function (4D) of the data except if it is event type data; we thus construct fields of: o wind vectors, o scalar: temperature, navigation beacons, ocean routes, o surfaces: isobaric, iso-icing, fronts, crossed countries, o clouds, jets, turbulence zones, spaces airways, airways at scheduled times. These fields have a time slot of validity. Step C: Selection of the representation. In order to guarantee a good understanding of the operational situation by the crew, and to allow it to focus if necessary on the important parameters of the flight, a step of selection (or filtering) of the data to be displayed is carried out in order to not overload the overall representation. A pre-configuration can be proposed or defined by the airline's policy via a software configuration.
    [0012] A selection is made of the information to be displayed, by family, then by sub-family, and possibly by type of representation and / or priority of the information. Among these families, one can quote as shown on the example of the figure 3b: WEATHER -> data related to the weather punctual or vector CLOUDS -> graphical weather data (volumes) AREAS -> geographic data NAVAIDS & GNSS - -> DAY / NIGHT location aids -> sunrise and sunset areas 15 3021107 CUSTOM -> data manually insertable by crew or received by "uplink". For each family and for each sub-family of which examples are given below, a priority (not to be confused with the priority associated with each data item) can be chosen by the crew to display only the necessary information. A selection HMI makes it possible to choose the priorities, for example P1, P2, P3. In the example of choice of priority shown in FIG. 3c, it is chosen to represent only the selected data (SEL is activated) and of priority P1 (ie strictly more important than P2) among the 3 families selected in the previous HMI of Figure 3b. As shown in this example of FIG. 3c, it is also possible to select a geographical zone (at 10 NM) and / or a time window (-20 min - +40 min). The method according to the invention makes it possible to choose various display parameters. For the data to be displayed "around the trajectory" or "ALOFT AREA" which is the display option indicated in FIG. 3c (and not on this one), the method according to the invention makes it possible to choose the spatial corridor around of the path in which the data will be displayed. It may be a "sideband" type corridor around the path, or a "circle around the path" type corridor. A single corridor is proposed by default, but a different corridor could be proposed for each subfamily. The corridor is lateral for lateral data; a vertical corridor could be defined for the displays on the vertical display screen as well. The method also allows the data to be displayed to be filtered according to the time slot at which they occur, relative to the hours predicted along the path. Thus one can choose in the above example to extract only the data occurring 20 min before and 40 min after the predicted time at each point of the trajectory. A choice of 0 min before and 0 min after shows the data exactly correlated temporally with the trajectory. This functionality is illustrated in Figures 6a and 6b. In the example of Figure 6a, the chosen time slot is between -30 min and + 30 min as shown in the lower right. But two cloud flows overlap: one crossing the WPT3 crossing point of 18h, whose evolution is displayed between 17:30 and 18:30 and which is partly covered by the other crossing the crossing point WPT4 18h20, including the evolution is displayed between 17h50 and 18h50. Thus a stream of clouds crossing the WPT3 can be masked by the flow of clouds crossing the WPT4. In FIG. 6b, the time slot of display which is between -5 min and +5 min has been restricted. This avoids the recovery and gains visibility. According to one variant, this selection of the time slot for each family can also be performed during the step E of correlating the data with the trajectory.
    [0013] We will now give examples of sub-families with possibly associated priorities. The METEO family, an example of which is shown in FIG. 4a, comprises the following display mode and sub-families: The display mode: INTERPOLATED / RAW / ALOFT / ON WPT o INTERPOLATED or RAW allows to display either the interpolated data from the maps to have a Lat / Long grid determined (eg display of wind charts every degree or / 2 degrees), or the raw data (RAW) of the map as provided in BDD1. In the example of the figure the INTERPOLATED mode is chosen. o ALOFT / ON WPT displays winds around the track or points (ON WPT requires the sub-category INTERPOLATED). WINDS -> display of wind vector fields; in the example of the figure this sub-family is selected for the display with a priority P2, TURB -> display of the zones of turbulence (Volumes); in the example of the figure this sub-family is selected for the display with a priority P1, JETS -> display of jet streams (volumes, strong currents at high altitude); in the example of the figure this sub-family is selected for the display with a priority P3, WINDSHEAR -> display of the wind shear zones; in the example of the figure this sub-family is not selected for the display but has a priority P2, TEMP -> display of the temperature maps; in the example of the figure this sub-family is not selected for the display but has a priority P3.
    [0014] The CLOUDS family, an example of which is shown in Figure 4b, has the following display mode and subfamilies: The display mode: o ALOFT / ALONG -> allows nebulosities to be displayed around the trajectory or on the trajectory (ie those which cross the trajectory o ALL -> display of any type of cloudiness CUNIMB -> display only Cumulonimbus (the most dangerous clouds for flights), in the example of the figure this subfamily is selected for the display with a priority P3, RAINY -> display of the clouds in which it is raining, in the example of the figure this subfamily is selected for the display with a priority P2, STORMY -> display clouds with strong evolution of speed, and flashes, in the example of the figure this subfamily is selected for the display with a priority Pl, ICING -> display of icing clouds, in the example of the figure this subfamily is not selected for the display but has a priority P2. The NAVAIDS & GNSS family, an example of which is shown in Figure 4c, has the following display mode and subfamilies: Display mode: o ALOFT / ALONG -> displays satellite beacons and receptions around trajectory or trajectory (ie those who cross the trajectory). o ALL -> display of any type of navigation aid, NAVAIDS -> allows to display ground radionavigation beacons; in the example of the figure this subfamily is selected for the display with a priority PI XLS -> display of radionavigation beacons of approach aids (ILS, MLS, GLS, FLS, SLS ... ); in the example of the figure this subfamily is selected for the display with a priority P2, GPS -> display of the state of the GPS constellation in the area, in the example of the figure this subfamily is selected for the display with a priority Pl, GAULE () -> display of the state of the GALILEO constellation in the area; in the example of the figure this subfamily is selected for the display with a priority P2. The list is non-exhaustive. It corresponds to the material reception capabilities of the aircraft.
    [0015] The AREAS category, an example of which is shown in Figure 4d, includes the following display mode and sub-families: The display mode: o ALOFT / ALONG -> allows to display the geographical zones around the trajectory or on the trajectory (ie those who cross the trajectory). o ALL -> display of any type of geographical feature (incl. mountains, rivers, sea land ...) FRONTIERS -> display of state boundaries; in the example of the figure this subfamily is selected for the display with a priority P3, REST. AIRSPACE -> display of the status of the airspace traversed (space volumes and overflight clearance characteristics) according to the hours; in the example of the figure this sub-family is selected for the display with a priority P2, AIS -> display of aeronautical information (Airways, FIR, terminal zones ...); in the example of the figure this subfamily is selected for the display with priority P1, TRACKS -> display of ocean routes (daily published routes for ocean crossings) and their opening / closing times ; in the example of the figure this sub-family is not selected for the display but has a priority P2. The list is non-exhaustive.
    [0016] The CUSTOMS family of which an example is shown figure 4e, includes the display mode and the sub-families defined by the pilot: The display mode: o ALOFT / ALONG -> allows to display the information around the trajectory or on the trajectory (ie those who cross the trajectory). o ALL -> display of any type On the example of the figure, there is for example a contact reminder of the airline, the hours of service of cabin crew (cabin crew) for meals in the cabin, and a crew change The list is not exhaustive. The DAY / NIGHT family has no subfamily. Knowing the ephemeris, and therefore for a country crossed the time of sunset and sunrise (local time), calculates the UTC time with the time zone of the geographical area. For example, in a country where the time zone is + 6h (ie it is 18h when it is 12:00 UTC), and where the local sunrise time is 7:45, the sunrise UTC stored time will be 1:45.
    [0017] Stage D: Space-time discretization of the trajectory. In order to help the spatio-temporal correlation trajectory and data of the next step, an intermediate step of processing the predicted trajectory is performed. From the trajectory (crossing points, line segments and bends, vertical profile at altitude, speed, predicted time of passage at different points), we save a characteristic point TRAJ (i) given by: Latitude / Longitude / Altitude , Predicted time, Possible speed, possibly Distance to destination ("Dist to Dest") worth 0 to the destination, or distance from aircraft equal to 0 to the current plane position, Tag: "Path point" possibly.
    [0018] For segments of too great length (more than 3 minutes of length for example, but the value can be chosen different), one discretizes the trajectory and one adds characteristic points. We thus obtain a succession of geometric elements in 3D characterized by a start and end time.
    [0019] The trajectory is composed of N elements TRAJ (i), for i = 1 ... N. Stage E: Spatio-temporal correlation trajectory & data to determine the objects which cross the trajectory; the goal is to determine around each TRAM element of the trajectory, the geographically present data according to a given space slot and in a given time slot with respect to the predicted time to the said element (time slot = - X minutes, + Y minutes) . The data to be displayed are sorted by checking their distance from the path, and checking their time of occurrence against the predicted hours along the path. - If the data is of type event (ex: sunrise): One looks for the index k among 1, .., N-1 such as: Time (TRAJ (k)) <= Time UTC sun level <= Time (TRAJ (k + 1)).
    [0020] For example for the "Dist To Dest", in order to create the characteristic point "DAY" (of the same structure as the TRAJ points, with a tag corresponding to the event). Thus for the event "sunrise" (or DAY), we will have created a DAY point (lat, long, alt, hour, speed, dist to dest, tag = "DAY").
    [0021] Its coordinates and parameters are interpolated. For example for "Dist to Dest": Dist to Dest (DAY) = Dist to Dest (TRAJ (k)) - [Dist to Dest (TRAJ (k)) - Dist to Dest (TRAJ (k + 1))] (hour (TRAJ (k)) - time sun level) / (time (TRAJ (k)) - time (TRAJ (k + 1)) - If the data is of type scalar field (for example temperature grids in l Atmosphere: TEMP (lat, long, alt, hour), this is the same for other scalar data.
    [0022] Set i: == 1 As long as i <N (N = last element of TRAJ), do: Retrieve the element of TRAJ: TRAJ (i) Retrieve the latitudes, longitudes and altitudes of TRAJ (i): LAT (TRAJ ( i)), LONG (TRAJ (i)), ALT (TRAJ (i)) For each TEMP data (lat, long, alt, hour) Calculate the distance between the element TRAJ (i) and TEMP If the distance is less to the entered value of the corridor (ALOFT AREA) defined in step C (distance that can be Euclidean ie in a ball of given radius, or projected on the 3D trajectory ...), then If the time of the data Time ( TEMP) is such that Time (TRAJ (i)) + Start Time <Time (TEMP) <Time (TRAJ (i)) + End Time, then (Start Time and End Time are set in step C and Start Time is negative) Store the TEMP element in the elements to display FinSi FinSi Set i: = i + 1 End As long as. - If the data is of vector field type, the same operation as for scalar fields can be performed. - If the data is of type field of surfaces, it is to determine if a polygon representing a surface element crosses the trajectory in the determined time slot. Take for example the area defined by the atmosphere layer 5 to 00 where the risk of icing can occur when crossing this layer in a cloud-like wetland. This surface consists of points called SURF (lat, long, alt, hour) for icing for example. The surface is composed of contiguous facets, each facet being a triplet of SURF points as shown in Figure 5b; state-of-the-art functions such as the Delaunay triangulation (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaunay triangulation) used to digitize the relief by creating a mesh that determines a matrix are used. facets approximating a surface. In the example of FIG. 6b, it is sought to determine whether the facet defined by the triplet [SURF (lattlongl, Alt1); SURF (lat2, Iong2, Alt2); SURF (lat3, Iong3, A1t3)] crosses the point TRAJ (i) in the red corridor of radius R (determined in step C), and in the time slot determined by [Time (TRAJ (i)) + Start Time ; Time (TRAJ (i)) + End Time]. Thus Euclidean distances are calculated for example between each of the 3 points of each facet, and the point TRAJ (i). If at least one of the points of the facet is at a distance from the point TRAJ (i) less than the terminal of the corridor (here the radius of the ball of radius R centered on TRAJ (i)), then the candidate surface is retained if the time of occurrence of the candidate points is in the time slot defined by [Time (TRAJ (i)) + Start Time; Time (TRAJ (i)) + End Time]. We thus retain the whole surface: we do not present a "piece" of nebulosity, but the entire nebulosity. If the data is of the volume field type, the same operations are performed as for the surface fields, again considering an approximation of the volume by polyhedra.
    [0023] Step F: Data display with filtering for readability according to a predetermined symbology. This is a graphical formatting step allowing an intuitive display of the data evolving temporally. The displays are filtered using the selection criteria of step C. The representation of the important data such as the priority data P1 crossing is particularized. the trajectory, with a particular formalism such as a color for example.
    [0024] We also propose a formalism for the evolutionary data, making it possible to judge the geographical displacement. For example, an arrow between the centroids of the objects. In the examples of FIG. 7, the trajectory flies over Iran (IR), Pakistan (PK) and India (IN) and information from various families is correlated temporally. The figures represent respectively: a lateral trajectory displayed in a "along" mode on the trajectory with a spatial and temporal interpolation of the wind grid (FIG. 7a), the corresponding vertical trajectories: without representation of the winds FIG. 7b and with a representation of the direction of the winds figure 7d. This summary of the weather on all the altitudes is correlated with the time of passage on the altitude range: one color by wind direction (single), Head (head wind), Tail (wind) back), Neutral (no wind) or Unknown (no data), possibly associated with a gradient of this color giving the indication of the wind force. This synthetic presentation allows the pilot to see if he is on the "best" slice of altitude from the point of view of weather information. - The horizontal trajectory with filtering and display of the winds along a corridor around this trajectory ("aloft" display mode), Figure 7c. Cloud evolution is particularized with a colored edge (red for example) at the moment when the storm cloud crosses the trajectory between WPT2 and WPT3. Curved arrows make it possible to link the representations of the same cloud at different times; the time is displayed in the form of the cloud as well.
    [0025] Similarly, the non-availability of the entire GNSS constellation between 19h and 19h38, when the aircraft is at WPT4, is indicated by a red pictogram for example. Ditto for the closure of the Z1 zone, when the plane will be 5 WPT7, and the maintenance of the beacon between 23h40 and 01h00 for the landing. As indicated on the flowchart of FIG. 2, then, there is adjustment when there is a modification of the lateral or vertical trajectory by the crew, or modification of the predicted data when the actual conditions encountered by the aircraft make the aircraft one deviates from the predicted trajectory: for example a lower real speed will modify the hours of passage to the predicted points and ask for an update, a modification of the choices of the data to be represented, or a modification of the data to represent (receipt of a new card, manual modification of a personalized entry ...). The method according to the invention makes it possible to perform a representation of the data related to the displayed 4D trajectory, taking into account the time axis over time horizons allowing the crew to apprehend on a single representation the evolution of the predicted situation, without overloading the displays, to keep a readability and an optimal understanding of the situation. It also allows: 25 to adjust the horizons around the predicted trajectory for a decision-making purpose (diversion, anticipated application of procedures), to manually filter the degree of evolution to be displayed to give only the predicted situation, either its evolution over a near-temporal range and around the predicted transit times along the trajectory, or an evolution over the time range of the complete flight, to represent evolving data, by graphically linking them so that it appears explicitly. spatio-temporal displacement of said datum.
    [0026] It can also be applied to any type of trajectory, whether it is the trajectory during flight or alternative trajectories, for example alternative work trajectories ("What if" frame) with a presentation of temporally correlated information for: ETOPS or diversion trajectories, a clear flight plan, optional lateral routes, subsequent flight plans, "engine failure" workflows, flight plans at different levels. The method can be implemented in an FMS-type computer, or in a FM ("Flight Management") function of a computer. Figure 8a shows an FMS having the following modules described in ARINC 702 (Advanced Flight Management Computer System, Dec 1996). They provide all or part of the functions of: LOCNAV Navigation, 170, to perform the optimal location of the aircraft according to the means of geo-location (GPS, GALILEO, VHF radio beacons, inertial units); FPLN flight plan, 110, to capture the geographical elements that make up the skeleton of the route to be followed (departure and arrival procedures, waypoints, airways); NAVDB 130 navigation database, to build geographic routes and procedures from data included in bases (points, tags, interception or altitude bequests ...); Performance database, PRF DB 150, containing the aerodynamic parameters and engines of the aircraft; Lateral trajectory TRAJ, 120 to build a continuous trajectory from the points of the flight plan, respecting the airplane performances and the confinement constraints (RNP); PRED predictions, 140 to build an optimized vertical profile on the lateral trajectory; Guiding, GUID 200, to guide the aircraft in its 3D trajectory in the lateral and vertical planes, while optimizing the speed; Digital Data Link DATALINK, 180 to communicate with control centers and other aircraft. From the flight plan defined by the pilot in the form of a list of waypoints called "waypoints" (WPT), the lateral trajectory is calculated according to the geometry between the crossing points (commonly called LEG) and / or the altitude and speed conditions that are used to calculate the turn radius. On this lateral trajectory, the FMS optimizes a vertical trajectory (in altitude and speed), passing through possible constraints of altitude, speed, time. All information entered or calculated by the FMS is grouped on display screens (MFD pages (acronym for the expression "MultiFunction Display"), ND 15 visualization screens (acronym for the English expression). Saxon Navigation Display ") and PFD (acronym for the English expression" Primary Flight Display "), HUD (acronym for the English expression" Head Up Display ") or other). According to a first embodiment described with reference to FIG. 8b, the BDD1 is housed in the FMS as a new data base in which the data of the equipment (sensors, etc.) other than the FMS are stored. The possible discretization of the trajectory is carried out by the module TRAJ. Data selection is performed by the selection HMI. From the selections made by the pilot, the correlation of the temporal data is carried out by the PRED module, as well as the formatting and sending of the data to the display screens, the trajectory and the data being sent to the screens. cockpit display (Navigation Display and / or Vertical Display). Some functions may be provided by modules integrated in an EFB (Electronic Flight Bag), an ANS (Airport Navigation System) or a laptop or tablet, or finally on soil tool screens. with for example a dedicated correlation system. According to a second embodiment described in relation with FIG. 8c, the FMS (or EFB or ANS) provides the trajectory to the BDD1. Other equipment (ground or edge) sends the data to be displayed in BDD1. A correlator takes care of the exploitation of the data of the various equipments, on the basis of pilot selections via the selection HMI. The correlator formats the path and data and sends them to the CDS for display. According to a third embodiment described in relation with FIG. 8d, the correlation of the data with the trajectory is performed by the CDS, on the basis of pilot selections made via the selection HMI. According to this embodiment, the FMS (or EFB or ANS) provides the trajectory in the BDD1. Other equipment (ground or edge) sends the data to be displayed in BDD1.
    [0027] Other embodiments are possible in which the BDD1 is no longer a centralized data base, but each equipment stores its data, and during the correlation step the data of each equipment are read.
    权利要求:
    Claims (7)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. Method for assisting the navigation of an aircraft equipped with sensors, a space-time trajectory calculator, (120) storage means (130, 150, BDD1) for predetermined data and data acquired in navigation course including meteorological data, - display means (ND, VD, CDS) of the spatio-temporal trajectory and data including meteorological data on the same display screen, - a processing unit ( FMS) captured data, predetermined and acquired and trajectory, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: - assembly by data families by the processing unit, predetermined data and acquired data, the families being predefined , each data being furthermore associated with a valid time slot, (step A), formatting the data of the families to associate with each datum a type of graphic representation in the form of text or scalai re or vector or surface or volume, (step B), - selection of data families to be represented, (step C), - choice of a display time slot for each family of data to be represented, (step C), - spatio-temporal discretization of the trajectory, (step D), - spatio-temporal correlation of the discretized trajectory with each family of data as a function of time slots of validity, in the time window of display of said family, to extract a subset of each data family, by the processing unit, (step E), - displaying the subsets in a single representation on the same display screen, (step F).
    [0002]
    2. Method for aids navigation of an aircraft according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the choice of families to be represented is predetermined or determined by the crew or automatically.
    [0003]
    3. Method for aids navigation of an aircraft according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that priorities are chosen for families and / or sub-families.
    [0004]
    4. A method of aiding navigation of an aircraft according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a degree of reliability being associated with data, the formatting step is further performed by degree of reliability.
    [0005]
    Aircraft navigation aid method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the data families are a family of meteorological data and / or a family of geographical data and / or a family of data. and / or a family of data provided by the crew.
    [0006]
    6. A method of aiding navigation of an aircraft according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that sub-families being associated with data, the assembly step is further carried out by sub-families.
    [0007]
    7. An aircraft navigation aid system which comprises: sensors, a space-time trajectory calculator, (120) storage means (130, 150, BDD1) for predetermined data and data. acquired during navigation including meteorological data, - display means (ND, VD, CDS) of the spatio-temporal trajectory and data including meteorological data on the same display screen, - a unit of processing (FMS) captured, predetermined and acquired data and trajectory, - means for implementing the method according to one of the preceding claims.
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1401105A|FR3021107B1|2014-05-16|2014-05-16|METHOD FOR AIDING NAVIGATION OF AN AIRCRAFT WITH CORRELATION OF DYNAMIC INFORMATION WITH A 4D FLIGHT TRACK|
    FR1401105|2014-05-16|FR1401105A| FR3021107B1|2014-05-16|2014-05-16|METHOD FOR AIDING NAVIGATION OF AN AIRCRAFT WITH CORRELATION OF DYNAMIC INFORMATION WITH A 4D FLIGHT TRACK|
    US14/712,796| US9524571B2|2014-05-16|2015-05-14|Method for assisting the navigation of an aircraft with correlation of dynamic information with a 4D flight trajectory|
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